Physical-modelling based sound resynthesis is considered by estimating physical model parameters for a clarinet-like system. Having as a starting point the pressure and flow signals in the mouthpiece, a two-stage optimisation routine is employed, in order to estimate a set of physical model parameters that can be used to resynthesise the original sound. Tested on numerically generated signals, the presented inverse-modelling method can almost entirely resynthesise the input sound. For signals measured under real playing conditions, captured by three microphones embedded in the instrument bore, the pressure can be successfully reproduced, while uncertainties in the fluid dynamical behaviour reveal that further model refinement is needed to reproduce the flow in the mouthpiece.

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In physical modelling synthesis, articulation and tuning are effected via time-variation in one or more parameters. Adopting hammered strings as a test case, this paper develops extended forms of such control, proposing a numerical formulation that affords online adjustment of each of its scaled-form parameters, including those featuring in the one-sided power law for modelling hammerstring collisions. Starting from a modally-expanded representation of the string, an explicit scheme is constructed based on quadratising the contact energy. Compared to the case of time-invariant contact parameters, updating the scheme’s state variables relies on the evaluation of two additional analytic partial derivatives of the auxiliary variable. A numerical energy balance is derived and the numerical contact force is shown to be strictly non-adhesive. Example results with time-variant tension and time-variant contact stiffness are detailed, and real-time viability is demonstrated.

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