Download Generating Musical Accompaniment Using Finite State Transducers The finite state transducer (FST), a type of finite state machine that maps an input string to an output string, is a common tool in the fields of natural language processing and speech recognition. FSTs have also been applied to music-related tasks such as audio fingerprinting and the generation of musical accompaniment. In this paper, we describe a system that uses an FST to generate harmonic accompaniment to a melody. We provide details of the methods employed to quantize a music signal, the topology of the transducer, and discuss our approach to evaluating the system. We argue for an evaluation metric that takes into account the quality of the generated accompaniment, rather than one that returns a binary value indicating the correctness or incorrectness of the accompaniment.
Download Kronos VST – The Programmable Effect Plugin This paper introduces Kronos VST, an audio effect plugin conforming to the VST 3 standard that can be programmed on the fly by the user, allowing entire signal processors to be defined in real time. A brief survey of existing programmable plugins or development aids for audio effect plugins is given. Kronos VST includes a functional just in time compiler that produces high performance native machine code from high level source code. The features of the Kronos programming language are briefly covered, followed by the special considerations of integrating user programs into the VST infrastructure. Finally, introductory example programs are provided.
Download Study of Regularizations and Constraints in NMF-Based Drums Monaural Separation Drums modelling is of special interest in musical source separation because of its widespread presence in western popular music. Current research has often focused on drums separation without specifically modelling the other sources present in the signal. This paper presents an extensive study of the use of regularizations and constraints to drive the factorization towards the separation between percussive and non-percussive music accompaniment. The proposed regularizations control the frequency smoothness of the basis components and the temporal sparseness of the gains. We also evaluated the use of temporal constraints on the gains to perform the separation, using both ground truth manual annotations (made publicly available) and automatically extracted transients. Objective evaluation of the results shows that, while optimal regularizations are highly dependent on the signal, drum event position contains enough information to achieve a high quality separation.
Download Rumbator: a Flamenco Rumba Cover Version Generator Based on Audio Processing at Note Level In this article, a scheme to automatically generate polyphonic flamenco rumba versions from monophonic melodies is presented. Firstly, we provide an analysis about the parameters that defines the flamenco rumba, and then, we propose a method for transforming a generic monophonic audio signal into such a style. Our method firstly transcribes the monophonic audio signal into a symbolic representation, and then a set of note-level audio transformations based on music theory is applied to the monophonic audio signal in order to transform it to the polyphonic flamenco rumba style. Some audio examples of this transformation software are also provided.
Download Controlling a Non Linear Friction Model for Evocative Sound Synthesis Applications In this paper, a flexible strategy to control a synthesis model of sounds produced by non linear friction phenomena is proposed for guidance or musical purposes. It enables to synthesize different types of sounds, such a creaky door, a singing glass or a squeaking wet plate. This approach is based on the action/object paradigm that enables to propose a synthesis strategy using classical linear filtering techniques (source/resonance approach) which provide an efficient implementation. Within this paradigm, a sound can be considered as the result of an action (e.g. impacting, rubbing, ...) on an object (plate, bowl, ...). However, in the case of non linear friction phenomena, simulating the physical coupling between the action and the object with a completely decoupled source/resonance model is a real and relevant challenge. To meet this challenge, we propose to use a synthesis model of the source that is tuned on recorded sounds according to physical and spectral observations. This model enables to synthesize many types of non linear behaviors. A control strategy of the model is then proposed by defining a flexible physically informed mapping between a descriptor, and the non linear synthesis behavior. Finally, potential applications to the remediation of motor diseases are presented. In all sections, video and audio materials are available at the following URL: http://www.lma.cnrs-mrs.fr/~kronland/ thoretDAFx2013/
Download Extended Source-Filter Model for Harmonic Instruments for Expressive Control of Sound Synthesis and Transformation In this paper we present a revised and improved version of a recently proposed extended source-filter model for sound synthesis, transformation and hybridization of harmonic instruments. This extension focuses mainly on the application for impulsively excited instruments like piano or guitar, but also improves synthesis results for continuously driven instruments including their hybrids. This technique comprises an extensive analysis of an instruments sound database, followed by the estimation of a generalized instrument model reflecting timbre variations according to selected control parameters. Such an instrument model allows for natural sounding transformations and expressive control of instrument sounds regarding its control parameters.
Download A Modeller-Simulator for Instrumental Playing of Virtual Musical Instruments This paper presents a musician-oriented modelling and simulation environment for designing physically modelled virtual instruments and interacting with them via a high performance haptic device. In particular, our system allows restoring the physical coupling between the user and the manipulated virtual instrument, a key factor for expressive playing of traditional acoustical instruments that is absent in the vast majority of computer-based musical systems. We first analyse the various uses of haptic devices in Computer Music, and introduce the various technologies involved in our system. We then present the modeller and simulation environments, and examples of musical virtual instruments created with this new environment.
Download Unsupervised Audio Key and Chord Recognition This paper presents a new methodology for determining chords of a music piece without using training data. Specifically, we introduce: 1) a wavelet-based audio denoising component to enhance a chroma-based feature extraction framework, 2) an unsupervised key recognition component to extract a bag of local keys, 3) a chord recognizer using estimated local keys to adjust the chromagram based on a set of well-known tonal profiles to recognize chords on a frame-by-frame basis. We aim to recognize 5 classes of chords (major, minor, diminished, augmented, suspended) and 1 N (no chord or silence). We demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach using 175 Beatles’ songs which we achieved 75% in F-measure for estimating a bag of local keys and at least 68.2% accuracy on chords without discarding any audio segments or the use of other musical elements. The experimental results also show that the wavelet-based denoiser improves the chord recognition rate by approximately 4% over that of other chroma features.